Author:
Renk Jonathan S.,Gilbert Amanda M.,Hattery Travis J.,O’Connor Christine H.,Monnahan Patrick J.,Anderson Nickolas,Waters Amanda J.,Eickholt David P.,Flint-Garcia Sherry A.,Yandeau-Nelson Marna D.,Hirsch Candice N.
Abstract
ABSTRACTMaize (Zea maysL.) is a multi-purpose row crop grown worldwide, which overtime has often been bred for increased yield at the detriment of lower composition grain quality. Some knowledge of the genetic factors that affect quality traits has been discovered through the study of classical maize mutants. However, much of the underlying genetic architecture controlling these traits and the interaction between these traits remains unknown. To better understand variation that exists for grain compositional traits in maize, we evaluated 501 diverse temperate maize inbred lines in five unique environments and predicted 16 compositional traits (e.g. carbohydrates, protein, starch) based on the output of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Phenotypic analysis found substantial variation for compositional traits and the majority of variation was explained by genetic and environmental factors. Correlations and trade-offs among traits in different maize types (e.g. dent, sweetcorn, popcorn) were explored and significant differences and correlations were detected. In total, 22.9-71.1% of the phenotypic variation across these traits could be explained using 2,386,666 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers generated from whole genome resequencing data. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted using these same markers and found 70 statistically significant loci for 12 compositional traits. This study provides valuable insights in the phenotypic variation and genetic architecture underlying compositional traits that can be used in breeding programs for improving maize grain quality.Core IdeasUnderstanding kernel compositional variation is important for food grade corn improvement.Genetic and environmental factors account for most of the variation in compositional traits.A broad range in trait heritabilities was observed across compositional traits.Compositional trade-offs will be important to consider when conducting multitrait breeding.Compositional traits are mostly controlled by a large number of small effect loci.
Publisher
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
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