Author:
Gabriel Elke,Albanna Walid,Pasquini Giovanni,Ramani Anand,Josipovic Natasia,Mariappan Aruljothi,Schinzel Friedrich,Karch Celeste M.,Bao Guobin,Gottardo Marco,Hescheler Jürgen,Persico Veronica,Rizzoli Silvio O.,Altmüller Janine,Callaini Giuliano,Papantonis Argyris,Goureau Olivier,Busskamp Volker,Schneider Toni,Gopalakrishnan Jay
Abstract
During embryogenesis, optic vesicles develop from the diencephalon via a complex process of organogenesis. Using iPSC-derived human brain organoids, we attempted to simplify the complexities and demonstrate the formation of forebrain-associated bilateral optic vesicles, cellular diversity, and functionality. Around day thirty, brain organoids could assemble optic vesicles, which progressively develop as visible structures within sixty days. These optic vesicle-containing brain organoids (OVB-Organoids) constitute a developing optic vesicle’s cellular components, including the primitive cornea and lens-like cells, developing photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelia, axon-like projections, and electrically active neuronal networks. Besides, OVB-Organoids also display synapsin-1, CTIP-positive, myelinated cortical neurons, and microglia. Interestingly, various light intensities could trigger photoreceptor activity of OVB-Organoids, and light sensitivities could be reset after a transient photo bleach blinding. Thus, brain organoids have the intrinsic ability to self-organize forebrain-associated primitive sensory structures in a topographically restricted manner and can allow conducting interorgan interaction studies within a single organoid.
Publisher
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
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