Tissue-specific and functional loci analysis ofCASP14gene in the sheep horn

Abstract

AbstractUnder the current context of intensive farming, small-horned animals are more suitable for large-scale breeding. TheCASP14gene, closely associated with skin and keratin formation, may influence horn size due to its link with skin development. This study comprehensively analyzed the tissue-specific expression ofCASP14using RNA-Seq data, identified functional sites through whole-genome sequencing (WGS), and investigated allele-specific expression (ASE) validated by KASP assays. Results showed significantly higherCASP14expression in the scurred group com-pared to the SHE group, with pronounced expression in the skin. Interbreed comparisons also revealed elevatedCASP14levels in the scurred group. Analysis of potential functional sites indicated structural similarities in theCASP14protein among horned mammals. Five ASE events were discovered, and intersecting these with SNPs and high fixation index loci (Fst > 0.05) identified three potential functional sites: 7941628, 7941817, and 7941830. The SNP site 7944295 was selected for T-test analysis and further validated through KASP assays, corroborating the role ofCASP14in sheep horn phenotypes. Our findings suggest thatCASP14plays a significant role in horn development, offering insights into breeding strategies for small-horned animals.