Author:
Meddens S Fleur W,Vlaming Ronald de,Bowers Peter,Burik Casper AP,Linnér Richard Karlsson,Lee Chanwook,Okbay Aysu,Turley Patrick,Rietveld Cornelius A,Fontana Mark Alan,Ghanbari Mohsen,Imamura Fumiaki,McMahon George,van der Most Peter J,Trudy Voortman,Wade Kaitlin H,Anderson Emma L,Braun Kim VE,Emmett Pauline M,Esko Tonũ,Gonzalez Juan R,Kiefte-de Jong Jessica C,Luan Jian’a,Langenberg Claudia,Muka Taulant,Ring Susan,Rivadeneira Fernando,Schoufour Josje D,Snieder Harold,van Rooij Frank JA,Wolffenbuttel Bruce HR,Smith George Davey,Franco Oscar H,Forouhi Nita G,Ikram M Arfan,Uitterlinden Andre G,van Vliet-Ostaptchouk Jana V,Wareham Nick J,Cesarini David,Harden K Paige,Lee James J,Benjamin Daniel J,Chow Carson C,Koellinger Philipp D,
Abstract
AbstractWe conducted genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analyses of relative caloric intake from fat, protein, carbohydrates and sugar in over 235,000 individuals. We identified 21 approximately independent lead SNPs. Relative protein intake exhibits the strongest relationships with poor health, including positive genetic associations with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and heart disease (rg ≈ 0.15 – 0.5). Relative carbohydrate and sugar intake have negative genetic correlations with waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, and neighborhood poverty (|rg| ≈ 0.1 – 0.3). Overall, our results show that the relative intake of each macronutrient has a distinct genetic architecture and pattern of genetic correlations suggestive of health implications beyond caloric content.
Publisher
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory