Meta-analysis of the effects of sleep deprivation on depression in patients and animals

Abstract

ObjectiveResearch on the antidepressant effects of sleep deprivation (SD) is lagging and has not produced completely uniform results in humans and animals. The present study aimed to reassess the effect of SD on patients and animals by meta-analysis based on updated research.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library for articles since the first relevant literature published up to June 10th, 2019. Data on sample characteristics, features of SD, and tests for depression were extracted.ResultsFourteen articles were included, eight on humans and six on animals. We found that when the duration of SD in patients was 7–14 days, it reflected antidepression [-1.52 (−2.07, −0.97); I2=19.6%]. In animals, the results of sucrose consumption experiments showed that SD has depressogenic effects [-1.06 (−1.63, −0.49); I2=81.1%], while the results of forced swimming experiments showed that SD treated depression [-1.17 (−2.19, −0.16); I2=80.1%], regardless of the duration of sleep deprivation.ConclusionSD can be an effective antidepressant measure when the duration is 7–14 days in patients. In animal studies, SD has shown more antidepressant effects when measured by forced swimming experiments, whereas using sucrose consumption tests had the effect of worsening depression.