Daughter circumcision and maternal life satisfaction: A cultural moderation effect revealed across two studies

Abstract

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe present paper explored the relationship between maternal life satisfaction and the intergenerational transmission of female genital cutting (FGC; female circumcision).MethodsAcross two studies with more than 85,000 participants in 15 countries, maternal surveys reveal that the association is positive and moderated by country-level FGC prevalence.ResultsContrary to predictions, in countries in which FGC is uncommon, it is more positively associated with maternal life satisfaction; and in countries in which it is common, it is weakly or negatively associated with maternal life satisfaction.ConclusionResults suggest a diversity of social motives for FGM. Customized messaging to reduce its inter-generational transmission should be considered.KEY MESSAGESWhat is already known about this topic?Female genital cutting (FGC) has negative implications for health and gender equality and is practiced to different degrees in countries in parts of Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and their diasporas.What this study adds?This study explored the intergenerational transmission of FGC—in particular, how daughter FGC relates to maternal life satisfaction. Contrary to expectations, life satisfaction ratings were higher for mothers of circumcised daughters, although this relationship was moderated by country-level FGC frequency. In countries in which it is more common, daughter FGC is less strongly or negatively associated with maternal life satisfaction.How might this study affect research, practice, or policy?Study findings may inform anti-FGC messaging. In countries in which FGC is common, messaging should highlight its association with relative maternal dissatisfaction. In countries in which it is uncommon, messaging should highlight alternatives to FGC as an expression of cultural identity.