Islet amyloid polypeptide tagged with green fluorescent protein localises to mitochondria and forms filamentous aggregates inCaenorhabditis elegans

Abstract

AbstractType 2 diabetes (T2D) is the most common form of diabetes and represents a growing health concern. A characteristic feature of T2D is the aggregation of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), which is thought to be associated with the death of pancreatic β-cells. Inhibiting IAPP aggregation is a promising therapeutic avenue to treat T2D, but the mechanisms of aggregation and toxicity are not yet fully understood.Caenorhabditis elegansis a well-characterised multicellular model organism that has been extensively used to study protein aggregation diseases. In this study, we aimed to develop a simplein vivomodel to investigate IAPP aggregation and toxicity based on expression in theC. elegansbody wall muscle cells. We show that IAPP tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP) localises to mitochondria in this tissue, in line with previous observations in mouse and human pancreatic β-cells. The IAPP-GFP fusion protein forms solid aggregates, which have a filamentous appearance as seen by electron microscopy. However, the animals do not display a strong motility phenotype, suggesting that the IAPP-GFP aggregates are not considerably toxic. Nevertheless, the mitochondrial localisation and aggregate formation may be useful read-outs to screen for IAPP-solubilizing compounds as a therapeutic strategy for T2D.Graphical abstract