Meta-analysis on the effects of chemical stressors on five ecosystem functions: are there generalizable relationships?

Abstract

AbstractDespite considerable progress in our predictive capacity for the response of different trophic levels to chemicals, generalizable relations between chemicals and ecosystem functions are lacking. We addressed this knowledge gap by conducting the largest meta-analysis to date (136 studies; ∼350 observations) on the responses of ecosystem functions to chemicals. Based on this analysis, for selected classes of chemicals (pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and metals), we are the first to establish relations between chemical concentrations and the ecosystem functions organic matter decomposition and photosynthesis, showing monotonic dose-response relationships. These results concur with existing field data on chemical effects, which underpins the value of our findings. Taking into account the outlined research gaps and shortcomings, our findings and recommendations can be seen as a promising starting point to advance predictions of responses of ecosystem functions to selected chemical classes.