A Western Dietary Pattern during Pregnancy is Associated with Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence

Author:

Horner DavidORCID,Jepsen Jens Richardt M.,Chawes BoORCID,Aagaard Kristina,Rosenberg Julie B.,Mohammadzadeh Parisa,Sevelsted Astrid,Følsgaard Nilo,Vinding Rebecca,Fagerlund Birgitte,Pantelis ChristosORCID,Bilenberg Niels,Pedersen Casper-Emil T.,Eliasen Anders,Chen Yulu,Prince Nicole,Chu Su H.ORCID,Kelly Rachel S.,Lasky-Su Jessica,Halldorsson Thorhallur I.,Strøm Marin,Strandberg-Larsen Katrine,Olsen Sjurdur F.ORCID,Glenthøj Birte Y.,Bønnelykke Klaus,Ebdrup Bjørn H.,Stokholm Jakob,Rasmussen Morten Arendt

Abstract

ABSTRACTDespite the high prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders, there is a notable gap in clinical studies exploring the impact of maternal diet during pregnancy on child neurodevelopment. This observational clinical study examined the association between pregnancy dietary patterns and neurodevelopmental disorders, as well as their symptoms, in a prospective cohort of 10-year-old children (n=508). Data-driven dietary patterns were derived from self-reported food frequency questionnaires. A Western dietary pattern in pregnancy (per SD change) was significantly associated with attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (OR 1.66 [1.21 - 2.27], p=0.002) and autism diagnosis (OR 2.22 [1.33 - 3.74], p=0.002) and associated symptoms (p<0.001). Findings for ADHD were validated in three large (n=59725, n=656, n=348), independent mother-child cohorts. Objective blood metabolome modelling at 24 weeks gestation identified 15 causally mediating metabolites which significantly improved ADHD prediction in external validation. Temporal analyses across five blood metabolome timepoints in two independent mother-child cohorts revealed that the association of Western dietary pattern metabolite scores with neurodevelopmental outcomes was consistently significant in early to mid-pregnancy, independent of later child timepoints. These findings underscore the importance of early intervention and provide robust evidence for targeted prenatal dietary interventions to prevent neurodevelopmental disorders in children.

Publisher

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

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