KRAS-mediated upregulation of CIP2A promotes suppression of PP2A-B56α to initiate pancreatic cancer development

Abstract

ABSTRACTOncogenic mutations in KRAS are present in approximately 95% of patients diagnosed with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and are considered the initiating event during the development of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) precursor lesions. While it is well established that KRAS mutations can drive the initiation of pancreatic oncogenesis, the effects of oncogenic KRAS signaling on regulation of phosphatases during this process is not fully appreciated. Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) has been implicated in suppressing KRAS-driven cellular transformation. However, low PP2A activity is observed in PDAC cells compared to non- transformed cells, suggesting that suppression of PP2A activity is an important step in the overall development of PDAC. In the current study, we demonstrate that KRASG12Dinduces the expression of both Cancerous Inhibitor of PP2A (CIP2A), an endogenous inhibitor of PP2A activity, and the PP2A target, c-MYC. Consistent with these findings, KRASG12Dsequestered the specific PP2A subunit responsible for c-MYC degradation, B56α, away from the active PP2A holoenzyme in a CIP2A-dependent manner. During PDAC initiationin vivo, knockout of B56α promoted KRASG12Dtumorigenesis by accelerating acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) and the formation of PanIN lesions. The process of ADM was attenuatedex vivoin response to pharmacological re-activation of PP2A utilizing direct small molecule activators of PP2A (SMAPs). Together, our results suggest that suppression of PP2A-B56α through KRAS signaling can promote Myc-driven initiation of pancreatic tumorigenesis.