Large-Scale Analysis of the Meningococcus Genome by Gene Disruption: Resistance to Complement-Mediated Lysis

Abstract

The biologic role of a majority of the Neisseria meningitidis 2100 predicted coding regions is still to be assigned or experimentally confirmed. Determining the phenotypic effect of gene disruption being a fundamental approach to understanding gene function, we used high-density signature-tagged transposon mutagenesis, followed by a large-scale sequencing of the transposon insertion sites, to construct a genome-wide collection of mutants. The sequencing results for the first half of the 4548 mutants composing the library suggested that we have mutations in 80%–90% of N. meningitidisnonessential genes. This was confirmed by a whole-genome identification of the genes required for resistance to complement-mediated lysis, a key to meningococcal virulence. We show that all the genes we identified, including four previously uncharacterized, were important for the synthesis of the polysialic acid capsule or the lipooligosaccharide (LOS), suggesting that these are likely to be the only meningococcal attributes necessary for serum resistance. Our work provides a valuable and lasting resource that may lead to a global map of gene function in N. meningitidis.[Supplemental material is available online at www.genome.org. The following individuals kindly provided reagents, samples, or unpublished information as indicated in the paper: E. Carbonnelle, M. Joussemet, D. Caugant, M.-J. Quentin-Millet.]