Intense storms affect sinking particle fluxes after the North Atlantic diatom spring bloom

Abstract

AbstractThe sinking of large particles (i.e., marine snow) has long been recognized as a key pathway for efficient particulate organic carbon (POC) export to the ocean interior during the decline of spring diatom blooms. Recent work has suggested that particles smaller than marine snow can also substantially contribute to POC export. However, a detailed characterization of small and large sinking particles at the end of blooms is missing. Here, we separately collected suspended and small and large sinking particles using Marine Snow Catchers and assessed their biogeochemical composition after the North Atlantic spring bloom in May 2021. During the three weeks of sampling, when four intense storms (maximum wind speeds 37 – 50 kts) created high turbulent energy dissipation rates and deepened the mixed layer, we observed two distinct sedimentation episodes. During the storm periods, sinking particles were dominated by small (diameter < 0.1 mm), slow-sinking (~18 m d−1), silica-rich particles that carried a moderate POC flux (< 6 mmol C m−2d−1) to 500 m depth. Once the storms ceased, the volume of large (diameter > 0.1 mm), fast-sinking (> 75 m d−1), carbon-rich marine snow aggregates (not fecal pellets) increased exponentially and POC fluxes at 100 m depth were more than fourfold greater (30±12 mmol C m−2d−1) than those during the previous event. The aggregates consisted of a mixed post-bloom plankton community. Our data suggest that the intense storms determined the timing, type, and magnitude of POC flux at the end of a spring phytoplankton bloom.