Genetic Associations Between Celiac Disease and Type 2 Inflammatory Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundCeliac disease, a gluten-triggered autoimmune disorder, is known for its systemic inflammatory effects. Epidemiological data suggest an association with type 2 inflammatory diseases like asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis, however, genetic associations remain unclear, prompting this study to explore their potential genetic interplay.MethodsUtilizing Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization (TSMR), we examined genetic associations using 15 genetic instruments from GWAS datasets. Our analysis focused on celiac disease and its relation to asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. Power analysis was conducted to determine the study’s detection capabilities, and Odds Ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using various MR methods.ResultsA significant positive association was observed between celiac disease and atopic dermatitis (OR = 1.037, 95% CI: 1.015 - 1.059), and a slight association with allergic rhinitis (OR = 1.002, 95% CI: 1.0004 - 1.0032). Conversely, a minor protective effect was noted for asthma (OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.96 - 0.98). These results, supported by a high F-statistic, suggest a strong genetic linkage, despite some heterogeneity and complexity in the associations.ConclusionOur study identifies significant genetic links between celiac disease and type 2 inflammatory diseases, particularly atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis, with a minor protective effect against asthma. These findings, underscored by a strong F-statistic, suggest complex genetic interactions and emphasize the need for further research to explore their clinical relevance.