Genotyping ofLeptospiraspp. in wild rats leads to first time detection ofL. kirshneriserovar Mozdok in Serbia

Abstract

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the prevalence and molecular characterization ofLeptospiraspecies in Belgrade, Serbia, an area where this disease is underexplored. Specifically, the study sought to employ molecular and multilocus sequence typing analyses to fill the gap in understanding the diversity and distribution ofLeptospiraspecies within the region. A comprehensive molecular analysis was conducted on kidney samples obtained from Norway rats (Rattus novegicus) in urban environments. The study utilized molecular diagnostic techniques including real-time PCR targeting thelipL32gene and performing sequence-based typing schemes utilizingadk, icdA, lipL32, lipL41, rrs2andsecYgenes. These methodologies were applied to ascertain the presence and characterize differentLeptospiraspecies and serotypes, respectively. The findings revealed the presence of twoLeptospiraspecies and three separate serotypes in the Belgrade area. Moreover, this study identified the presence ofL. kirschneriserovar Mozdok in Serbia for the first time, a significant discovery previously undocumented in the region. This pioneering investigation sheds light on the molecular diversity and prevalence ofLeptospiraspecies in Serbia. The study underscores the importance of employing molecular typing methods to gain insights into the epidemiology and characterization ofLeptospiraspecies. These findings significantly contribute to both local and global perspectives on leptospirosis epidemiology, providing vital insights for the development of effective control strategies and interventions.Author summaryIn our recent study, we explored the presence and performed molecular typing of theLeptospiraspecies, the bacteria responsible for leptospirosis, in wild rats in Serbia. This was the first time such a study was conducted in the region. Leptospirosis is a serious disease that affects both animals and humans, often transmitted through contact with water contaminated by infected animals. Our focus was on understanding which types ofLeptospirawere present in these animals. Excitingly, we discovered a particular strain ofLeptospira, known asL. kirshneriserovar Mozdok, for the first time in Serbia. This finding is significant because it sheds light on the presence and spread of differentLeptospiraserovars in Serbia. It also raises awareness about the potential health risks associated with this serovar, which was previously unknown in the area. Our work fits into a broader context of disease surveillance and public health. By identifying the types of Leptospira present in a specific region, we can better understand the risks to public health and take steps to prevent and control the spread of leptospirosis. This discovery is not just important for scientists studying infectious diseases; it has real implications for public health officials, veterinarians, and anyone concerned with preventing and treating leptospirosis. Our findings highlight the need for ongoing monitoring ofLeptospirain wildlife, to protect both animal and human health.