Mechanotransduction coordinates extracellular matrix protein homeostasis promoting longevity in C. elegans

Abstract

AbstractAlthough it is postulated that dysfunctional extracellular matrices (ECM) drive aging and disease, how ECM integrity assures longevity is unknown. Here, using proteomics and in-vivo monitoring of fluorescently tagged ECM proteins, we systematically examined the ECM composition during Caenorhabditis elegans aging revealing three distinct collagen dynamics. We show that age-dependent stiffening of inert collagen was slowed by longevity interventions through prolonged replenishing of collagens. In genetic and automated lifespan screens for the regulators that drive this remodeling, we identify hemidesmosome-containing structures that span from the exoskeletal ECM through the hypodermis, basement membrane ECM, to the muscles, coupling mechanical forces to adjust ECM gene expression across tissues. The hemidesmosome tension-induced adaptation is mediated via transcriptional co-activator YAP. Our data reveal a novel mechanism of mechano-coupling and synchronizing of two functionally distinct and spatially distant ECMs that is indispensable for longevity. Thus, besides signaling molecules, mechanotransduction-coordinated ECM remodeling systemically promotes healthy aging.Graphical AbstractHighlightsProteomics, genetics screen, and automated lifespan assays of >55’000 animals all point to hemidesmosome-containing structures for the mechano-regulation of ECM homeostasis and longevityCoupling of biomechanical properties of two ECMs with underlying cellular signalingTranscriptional co-activator YAP-1 is required for longevity and pressure-induced collagen homeostasis