A biallelic loss-of-function variant in MYZAP is associated with a recessive form of severe dilated cardiomyopathy

Abstract

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a primary disorder of the cardiac muscle, characterized by dilatation of the left ventricle and contractile dysfunction. About 50% of DCM cases can be attributed to monogenic causes, whereas the etiology in the remaining patients remains unexplained. We report a family with two brothers affected by severe DCM with onset in the adolescent period. Using exome sequencing, we identified a homozygous premature termination variant in the MYZAP gene in both affected sibs. MYZAP encodes for myocardial zonula adherens protein—a conserved cardiac protein in the intercalated disc structure of cardiomyocytes. The effect of the variant was demonstrated by light and electron microscopy of the heart muscle and immunohistochemical and western blot analysis of the MYZAP protein in the heart tissue of the proband. Functional characterization using patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell cardiomyocytes revealed significantly lower force and longer time to peak contraction and relaxation consistent with severe contractile dysfunction. We provide independent support for the role of biallelic loss-of-function MYZAP variants in dilated cardiomyopathy. This report extends the spectrum of cardiac disease associated with dysfunction of cardiac intercalated disc junction and sheds light on the mechanisms leading to DCM.