Enhancing Blood Availability in Latin America: A Study on Public Perceptions and Barriers to Blood Donation in Guatemala during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract

ABSTRACTObjectivesGuatemala faces a significant challenge with one of the lowest voluntary blood donation rates in Latin America, a problem further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to investigate the population factors influencing blood donation behavior in Guatemala during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsConducted between August and September 2020, this cross-sectional electronic anonymous survey employed purposive sampling. Participants were questioned about their donation history, knowledge of donation processes, preferences, and barriers and motivators for blood donation. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected and analyzed.Comparative analyses were conducted based on gender, age, and education level. Regression analysis was used to identify predictors of blood donation behavior. Open-ended responses were studied via thematic content analysis.ResultsAmong the 1141 respondents, 53.5% reported a history of blood donation. Most donations occurred via referred donations to family or friends (78.5%). Factors such as male gender, older age, and higher education were associated with previous blood donation.Familiarity with donation centers and willingness to donate strongly influenced donation behavior. Among never donors, 89% expressed willingness to donate. Constraints in accessing donation centers, limited operation hours, insufficient knowledge about the donation process, and concerns over hygiene and safety were identified as the most prevalent barriers to donation.ConclusionsRespondents demonstrated a strong willingness to donate blood voluntarily. Understanding demographic and population factors is critical to inform tailored initiatives to facilitate access to voluntary blood donation in Guatemala.