Ethosuximide: subunit- and Gβγ-dependent blocker and reporter of allosteric changes in GIRK channels

Abstract

AbstractThe antiepileptic drug ethosuximide (ETX) suppresses epileptiform activity in a mouse model ofGNB1syndrome, caused by mutations in Gβ1protein, likely through the inhibition of G-protein gated K+(GIRK) channels. Here we show that ETX is a subunit-selective, allosteric blocker of GIRKs. The potency of ETX block is increased by the G protein subunit dimer Gβγ, the physiological activator of GIRKs. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and mutagenesis locate the ETX binding site in GIRK2 to a region associated with phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) regulation, and suggest that ETX acts by closing the HBC gate and altering channel’s interaction with PIP2. The apparent affinity of ETX block is highly sensitive to changes in channel gating caused by mutations in Gβ1or GIRK subunits. Our findings pose GIRK as a potential therapeutic target for ETX, and ETX as a potent allosteric GIRK blocker and a tool for probing gating-related conformational changes in GIRK.