Schizophrenia-related cognitive dysfunction in the Cyclin-D2 knockout mouse model of ventral hippocampal hyperactivity

Abstract

ABSTRACTElevated activity at the output stage of the anterior hippocampus has been described as a physiological endophenotype of schizophrenia, and its development maps onto the transition from its prodromal to its psychotic state. Interventions that halt the spreading glutamatergic over-activity in this region and thereby the development of overt schizophrenia could be promising therapies. However, animal models with high construct validity to support such pre-clinical development are scarce. The Cyclin-D2 knockout (CD2-KO) mouse model shows a hippocampal Parvalbumin-interneuron dysfunction and its pattern of hippocampal over-activity shares similarities with that seen in prodromal patients. In a comprehensive phenotyping of CD2-KO mice, we found that they displayed novelty-induced hyperlocomotion (a correlate in the positive symptom domain), that was largely resistant against D1- and D2-dopamine receptor antagonism, but responsive to the mGluR2/3-agonist LY379268. In the negative symptom domain, CD2-KO mice showed transiently reduced sucrose-preference (anhedonia), but enhanced interaction with novel mice and objects, as well as normal nest building and incentive motivation. Also, unconditioned anxiety, perseveration, and motor impulsivity were unaltered. However, in the cognitive domain, CD2-knockouts showed reduced executive function in assays of rule-shift and rule-reversal learning, but also an impairment in working memory, that was resistant against LY379268. In contrast, sustained attention and forms of spatial and object-related memory that are mediated by short-term habituation of stimulus-specific attention were intact. Our results suggest, that CD2-KO mice are a valuable model in translational research targeted at the pharmacoresistant cognitive symptom domain in causal relation to hippocampal over-activity in the prodrome-to-psychosis transition.