Robust T cell immunity in convalescent individuals with asymptomatic or mild COVID-19

Author:

Sekine Takuya,Perez-Potti AndréORCID,Rivera-Ballesteros Olga,Strålin Kristoffer,Gorin Jean-Baptiste,Olsson Annika,Llewellyn-Lacey Sian,Kamal Habiba,Bogdanovic Gordana,Muschiol Sandra,Wullimann David J.,Kammann TobiasORCID,Emgård Johanna,Parrot Tiphaine,Folkesson Elin,Rooyackers Olav,Eriksson Lars I.,Sönnerborg Anders,Allander Tobias,Albert Jan,Nielsen MortenORCID,Klingström Jonas,Gredmark-Russ Sara,Björkström Niklas K.,Sandberg Johan K.ORCID,Price David A.,Ljunggren Hans-Gustaf,Aleman Soo,Buggert MarcusORCID,

Abstract

ABSTRACTSARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cells will likely prove critical for long-term immune protection against COVID-19. We systematically mapped the functional and phenotypic landscape of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses in a large cohort of unexposed individuals as well as exposed family members and individuals with acute or convalescent COVID-19. Acute phase SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells displayed a highly activated cytotoxic phenotype that correlated with various clinical markers of disease severity, whereas convalescent phase SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells were polyfunctional and displayed a stem-like memory phenotype. Importantly, SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells were detectable in antibody-seronegative family members and individuals with a history of asymptomatic or mild COVID-19. Our collective dataset shows that SARS-CoV-2 elicits robust memory T cell responses akin to those observed in the context of successful vaccines, suggesting that natural exposure or infection may prevent recurrent episodes of severe COVID-19 also in seronegative individuals.

Publisher

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

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