The complexity of micro-and nanoplastic research in the genusDaphnia– A systematic review of study variability and meta-analysis of immobilization rates

Abstract

AbstractIn recent years, the number of publications on nano-and microplastic particles (NMPs) effects on freshwater organisms has increased rapidly. Freshwater crustaceans of the genusDaphniaare widely used in ecotoxicological research as model organisms for assessing the impact of NMPs. However, the diversity of experimental designs in these studies makes conclusions about the general impact of NMPs onDaphniachallenging. To approach this, we systematically reviewed the literature on NMP effects onDaphniaand summarized the diversity of test organisms, experimental conditions, NMP properties and measured endpoints to identify gaps in our knowledge of NMP effects onDaphnia.We use a meta-analysis on mortality and immobilization rates extracted from the compiled literature to illustrate how NMP properties and study parameters can impact outcomes in toxicity bioassays. In addition, we investigate the extent to which the available data can be used to predict the toxicity of untested NMPs based on the extracted parameters. Based on our results, we argue that focusing on a more diverse set of NMP properties combined with a more detailed characterization of the particles in future studies will help to fill current research gaps, improve predictive models and allow the identification of NMP properties linked to toxicity.HighlightsSystematic review of NMP effects on the model systemDaphniaOrganismic, experimental and NMP properties influence observed effectsIn silicoidentification of traits likely linked to NMP toxicity (immobilization)More detailed standardized characterization of NMP needed to improve predictions