Uncovering the history of recombination and population structure in western Canadian stripe rust populations through mating-type alleles

Abstract

AbstractThe population structure of crop pathogens such asPuccinia striiformisf. sp.tritici(Pst); the cause of wheat stripe rust, is of interest to researchers looking to understand these pathogens on a molecular level, as well as those with an applied focus such as disease epidemiology. Cereal rusts can reproduce sexually or asexually, and the introduction of novel genetic lineages has the potential to cause serious epidemics such as the one caused by ‘Warrior’ lineage in Europe. In a global context,Pstlineages in Canada were not well-characterized and origin of foreign incursions was not known. We used a whole-genome/transcriptome sequencing approach for the CanadianPstpopulation to identify lineages in a global context, origin, and evidence for foreign incursion. More importantly, for the first time ever, we identified nine alleles of the homeodomain mating-type locus in the worldwidePstpopulation and show that previously identified lineages generally exhibit a single pair of these alleles. In addition, we find only two pheromone receptor alleles. We show that the recent population shift from the ‘PstS1’lineage to the ‘PstS1-related’lineage is also associated with the introduction of a novel mating-type allele (b-3) to the Canadian population. We also show evidence for high levels of mating-type diversity in samples associated with the Himalayan center of diversity forPst, including a single Canadian race previously identified as ‘PstPr’(probable recombinant) which we identify as a foreign incursion from China circa. 2010. These data provide comprehensive details on the population biology of CanadianPstdiversity and mating-type alleles in the globalPstpopulation which can be utilized in testing several research questions and hypotheses around sexuality and parasexuality in rust fungi.