Homologous Ad26.COV2.S vaccination results in reduced boosting of humoral responses in hybrid immunity, but elicits antibodies of similar magnitude regardless of prior infection
Author:
Moyo-Gwete ThandekaORCID, Richardson Simone I.ORCID, Keeton RoanneORCID, Hermanus TandileORCID, Spencer Holly, Manamela Nelia P., Ayres Frances, Makhado Zanele, Motlou Thopisang, Tincho Marius B., Benede Ntombi, Ngomti Amkele, Baguma Richard, Chauke Masego V., Mennen Mathilda, Adriaanse Marguerite, Skelem Sango, Goga AmeenaORCID, Garrett Nigel, Bekker Linda-Gail, Gray Glenda, Ntusi Ntobeko A.B., Riou CatherineORCID, Burgers Wendy A.ORCID, Moore Penny L.ORCID
Abstract
AbstractThe impact of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection on the durability of Ad26.COV2.S vaccine-elicited responses, and the effect of homologous boosting has not been well explored. We followed a cohort of healthcare workers for 6 months after receiving the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine and a further one month after they received an Ad26.COV2.S booster dose. We assessed longitudinal spike-specific antibody and T cell responses in individuals who had never had SARS-CoV-2 infection, compared to those who were infected with either the D614G or Beta variants prior to vaccination. Antibody and T cell responses elicited by the primary dose were durable against several variants of concern over the 6 month follow-up period, regardless of infection history. However, at 6 months after first vaccination, antibody binding, neutralization and ADCC were as much as 33-fold higher in individuals with hybrid immunity compared to those with no prior infection. Antibody cross-reactivity profiles of the previously infected groups were similar at 6 months, unlike at earlier time points suggesting that the effect of immune imprinting diminishes by 6 months. Importantly, an Ad26.COV2.S booster dose increased the magnitude of the antibody response in individuals with no prior infection to similar levels as those with previous infection.The magnitude of spike T cell responses and proportion of T cell responders remained stable after homologous boosting, concomitant with a significant increase in long-lived early differentiated CD4 memory T cells. Thus, these data highlight that multiple antigen exposures, whether through infection and vaccination or vaccination alone, result in similar boosts after Ad26.COV2.S vaccination.
Publisher
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Reference46 articles.
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