The first complete mitochondrial genome ofSphaeniscus atilius(Walker, 1849) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and implications for the phylogenetic relationships of Tephritidae

Abstract

AbstractThe nearly complete mitochondrial genome ofSphaeniscus atiliuswas characterized and annotated in this study. The mitogenome was 16,854 bp in length and encoded 37 typical mitochondrial genes, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and a control region. The total length of the 13 PCGs was 11,140 bp, and the AT content was 79.8%. There were five types of start codons, ATT (nad2,nad3,nad5, andnad6), ATG (cox2,cox3,atp6, nad4,nad4l, andcob), CGA (cox1), as well as ATC (atp8) and ATA (nad1). Most of the PCGs had typical TAA stop codons, exceptnad5which terminated with incomplete forms T-. Ile, Phe, Leu and Asn were the most frequently used amino acids in mitochondrial PCGs. Most tRNA genes could be folded into the typical cloverleaf structure, excepttrnS1andtrnTwhich lacked the dihydrouridine (DHU) and TΨC arms, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses based on 13 protein-coding genes among the available sequenced species of family Tephritidae by maximum likelihood methods suggested the genus relationship of Tephritidae: ((Bactrocera,Dacus,Zeugodacus),Felderimyia,Anastrepha), (Acrotaeniostola, (Neoceratitis,Ceratitis),Euleia,Rivellia), (Procecidochares, (Tephritis,Sphaenisscus))))). Our results presented the first mitogenome fromSphaeniscusand offer insights into the identification, taxonomy, and phylogeny ofSphaeniscus atilius.