Coordination Between Embryo Growth and Trophoblast Migration Upon Implantation Delineates Mouse Embryogenesis

Abstract

SUMMARYImplantation marks a key transition in mammalian development. The role of embryo-uterus interaction in periimplantation development is however poorly understood due to inaccessibility in utero. Here, we develop an engineered uterus-like microenvironment to recapitulate mouse development ex vivo up to E5.25 and discover an essential role of integrin-mediated trophoblast adhesion to the uterine matrix. Light-sheet microscopy shows that trophoblast cells undergo Rac1-dependent collective migration upon implantation, displacing Reichert’s membrane and generating space for egg cylinder growth. The key role of coordination between trophoblast migration and embryo growth is verified by experimentally manipulating the migration velocity and geometry of the engineered uterus. Modeling the implanting embryo as a wetting droplet links the tissue shape dynamics to underlying changes in trophoblast adhesion and suggests that the corresponding tension release facilitates egg cylinder formation. Together, this study provides mechanisms by which dynamic embryo-uterus interactions play an essential role in peri-implantation development.