The impact of Test Positivity on Surveillance with Asymptomatic Carriers

Abstract

AbstractObjectivesRecent studies show that Test Positivity Rate (TPR) gain a better correlation than incidence with the number of hospitalized patients in COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, epidemiologist remain sceptical concerning the widespread use of this metric for surveillance, and indicators based on known cases like incidence are still preferred despite the large number of asymptomatic carriers which remain unknown. Our aim is to compare TPR and incidence, to determine which of the two has the best characteristics to predict the trend of hospitalized patients in COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsWe perform a retrospective study considering 60 cases, using global and local data from Italy in different waves of the pandemic, in order to detect peaks in TPR time series, and peaks in incidence, finding which of the two has the best ability to anticipate peaks in patients admitted in hospitals.ResultsOn average the best TPR based approach anticipates incidence of about 4.6 days (95% CI 2.8, 6.4), more precisely the average distance between TPR peaks and hospitalized peaks is 17.6 days (95% CI 15.0, 20.4) with respect to 13.0 days (95% CI 10.4, 15.8) obtained for incidence. Moreover, the average difference between TPR and incidence increases to more than 6 days in the Delta outbreak during Summer 2021, where presumably the percentage of asymptomatic carriers was larger.ConclusionsWe conclude that TPR should be used as primary indicator to enable early intervention and for planning hospitals admissions in infectious diseases with asymptomatic carriers.