Genome analysis ofSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium bacteriophage L, indicator for StySA (StyLT2III) restriction-modification system action

Abstract

ABSTRACTBacteriophage L, a P22-like phage ofSalmonella entericasv Typhimurium LT2, was important for definition of mosaic organization of the lambdoid phage family and for characterization of restriction-modification systems ofSalmonella. We report the complete genome sequences of bacteriophage LcI−4013−am43 and LcII−101; the deduced sequence of wildtype L is 40,633 bp long with a 47.5% GC content. We compare this sequence with those of P22 and ST64T, and predict 71 Coding Sequences, 2 tRNA genes and 14 intergenic rho-independent transcription terminators. The overall genome organization of L agrees with earlier genetic and physical evidence; for example, no secondary immunity region (ImmI:ant,arc) or genes for superinfection exclusion (sieAandsieB) are present. Proteomic analysis confirmed identification of virion proteins, along with low levels of assembly intermediates and host cell envelope proteins. The genome of L is 99.9% identical at the nucleotide level to that reported for phage ST64T, despite isolation on different continents ~35 years apart. DNA modification by the epigenetic regulator Dam is generally incomplete. Dam modification is also selectively missing in one location, corresponding to the P22 phase-variation-sensitive promoter region of the serotype-convertinggtrABCoperon. The number of sites for SenLTIII (StySA) action may account for stronger restriction of L (13 sites) than of P22 (3 sites).