Cultivation ofMelilotus officinalisas a source of bioactive compounds in association with soil recovery practices

Abstract

AbstractMelilotus officinalisis a Leguminosae with relevant applications in medicine and soil recovery. This study reports the application ofMelilotus officinalisplants in soil recovery and as a source of bioactive compounds. Plants were cultivated in semiarid soil under four different fertilizer treatments, urban waste compost at 10 t/ha and 20 t/ha, inorganic fertilizer and a control (no fertilizer). Agronomic properties of soil (pH, EC, soil respiration, C content, macro- and micro-elements) were analyzed before and after treatment. Also, germination, biomass, element contents, and physiological response were evaluated. Results showed a significant enhancement of the soil microbial activity in planted soils amended with compost, though there were no other clear effects on the soil physicochemical and chemical characteristics during the short experimental period. An improvement inM. officinalisgermination and growth was observed in soils with compost amendment. Metabolite composition of plants was analyzed through Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). Principal Component and Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering models suggest that there is a clear separation of the metabolome of four groups of plants grown under different soil treatments. The five most important discriminative metabolites (annotated) were oleamide, palmitic acid, stearic acid, 3-hydroxy-cis-5-octenoylcarnitine, and 6-hydroxynon-7-enoylcarnitine. This study provides information on how the metabolome ofMelilotusmight be altered by fertilizer application in poor soil regions. These metabolome changes might have repercussions for the application of this plant in medicine and pharmacology. The results support the profitability ofMelilotus officinaliscultivation for bioactive compounds production in association with soil recovery practices.