Rheumatoid Arthritis and Sarcopenia - a Prospective Single Center Cohort Study of Postmenopausal Women

Abstract

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe individual and socioeconomic burden of sarcopenia in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is most relevant. However, longitudinal cohort data are scarce.MethodsProspective, single-center, controlled, observational cohort study of consecutive 124 postmenopausal women, 53 with RA, 71 healthy controls (HC). Low muscle mass and low muscle strengths was defined according to the European working group on sarcopenia in older people 2019 (appendicular lean mass index [ALMI] via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry < 5.5 Kg/m2; handgrip strength via dynamometer < 16 Kg). Linear regression models were calculated including demographic and anthropometric data, comorbidities, and co-medication as confounders.ResultsMedian age was 63 (IQR 56, 70), follow-up 2.1 (IQR 2.0, 5.3) years. At baseline, median ALMI was 6.2 (IQR 6.0, 6.5) Kg/m2in RA patients, 6.3 (IQR 5.6, 6.9) Kg/m2in HC (p = 0.64) with no difference in rates of low muscle mass (RA 16.2 % vs. HC 15.1 %). In the fully adjusted model, mean change in ALMI per year was -0.05 (95%CI -0.10 to -0.01) Kg/m2in RA patients and 0.00 (95%CI -0.02 to 0.03) Kg/m2in HC resulting in a differential loss of -0.06 (95%CI -0.11 to -0.01) Kg/m2per year (p = 0.027). For RA patients, the adjusted OR of experiencing any loss of muscle mass was 3.98 (95%CI 1.47 to 10.77) compared to HC (p = 0.007). On average, RA patients lost 0.78 % of muscle mass per year. At baseline, low grip strength was seen in 27.3 % of RA patients and in 2.9 % of HC (p = 0.002). In both groups, grip strength did not decline during study period. TNFα inhibitors were associated with less, T-cell inhibition with greater loss of muscle mass. Low mass at baseline, disease duration and disease activity were not associated with loss of muscle mass.ConclusionPostmenopausal women with RA have a significant risk of accelerated loss of muscle mass over time.