Culture of Saos-2 cells under hypoxic conditions stimulates rapid differentiation to an osteocyte-like stage

Author:

Zelmer Anja R.ORCID,Starczak YolandiORCID,Solomon Lucian B.ORCID,Richter Katharina,Yang Dongqing,Atkins Gerald J.ORCID

Abstract

1.AbstractFew human osteocytein vitromodels exist and the differentiation of immature osteoblasts to an osteocyte stage typically takes at least 4-weeks of culture, making the study of this process challenging and time consuming. The osteosarcoma cell line Saos-2 has proved to be a useful model of human osteoblast differentiation through to a mature osteocyte-like stage. Culture under osteogenic conditions in a standard 5% CO2and normoxic (21% O2) atmosphere results in reproducible mineralisation and acquisition of mature osteocyte markers over the expected 28-35 day culture period. In order to expedite experimental assays, we tested whether reducing available oxygen to mimic concentrations experienced by osteocytesin vivowould increase the rate of differentiation of Saos-2 cells. Cells cultured in a 5% CO2, 1% O2atmosphere exhibited accelerated deposition of mineral, reaching near saturation by 14 days as demonstrated with the Alizarin Red and Von Kossa staining. The gene expression of the major hypoxia-induced transcription factorHIF1αand the key osteogenic transcription factorRUNX2were both elevated under 1% O2. Early (COLA1, MEPE) and mature (PHEX, DMP1andSOST) osteocyte markers were also upregulated earlier under hypoxic compared to normoxic growth conditions. Thus, culture under low oxygen accelerates key markers of osteocyte differentiation, resulting in a useful human osteocyte-likein vitrocell model within 14 days.

Publisher

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

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