Evaluation of optically tailored fluorescent silicon quantum dots for bioimaging of the tear film

Abstract

This experimental study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using silicon quantum dots doped with transition metals: scandium, copper and zinc as contrast agents for eventual application for the study of the tear film in eyes. Si-QDs were synthesized and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, photoluminescence, absorbance and transient absorption measurements. The fluorescence of Si-QDs was investigated when combined with TheraTears® (a balanced electrolyte formula for dry eye therapy). An optical imaging system composed of a modified slit lamp biomicroscope combined with a high-resolution Zyla sCMOS camera, SOLIS software, custom-made optical mounts and emission filters (460 nm, 510 nm and 530 nm) were used for in vitro imaging of Si-QDs with TheraTears®. The average size of Si-QDs was 2.65 nm. In vitro imaging of Sc-Si-QDs and Cu-Si-QDs indicated their stable and bright fluorescence with TheraTears®. Sc-Si-QDs were significantly brighter compared to Cu-Si-QDs and Zn-Si-QDs, and the Zn-Si-QDs showed a tendency to clump in TheraTears®. The fluorescence of the Si-QDs was detected down to a concentration of 0.01 µg/mL within a total volume of 5 µL. Cu-Si-QDs and Sc-Si-QDs showed brighter fluorescence than Zn-Si-QDs. However, Zn-Si-QDs and to a lesser extent, Cu-Si-QDs showed some aggregation at specific concentrations. Sc-Si-QDs are proposed as a better option for further development as an in vivo bioimaging agent to study the tear film dynamics.