Expanded Analysis of thePantoea stewartiisubsp.stewartiiDC283 Complete Genome Reveals Plasmid-borne Virulence Factors

Abstract

ABSTRACTPantoea stewartiisubsp.stewartii, a Gram-negative proteobacterium, causes Stewart’s wilt disease in corn. Bacterial transmission to plants occurs primarily via the corn flea beetle insect vector, which is native to North America.P. stewartiiDC283 is the wild-type reference strain most used to study pathogenesis. Previously the complete genome ofP. stewartiiwas released. Here, the method whereby the genome was assembled is described in greater detail. Data from a matepair library preparation with 3.5 kilobase insert size and high-throughput sequencing from the MiSeq Illumina platform, together with the available incomplete genome sequence of AHIE00000000.1 (containing 65 contigs) was used. This work resulted in the complete assembly of one circular chromosome, ten circular plasmids and one linear phage fromP. stewartiiDC283. A high number of sequences encoding repetitive transposases (> 400) were found in the complete genome. The separation of plasmids from genomic DNA revealed that two Type III secretion systems inP. stewartiiDC283 are located on two separate mega-plasmids. Interestingly, the assembly identified a previously unknown 66-kb region in a location interior to a contig in the previous reference genome. Overall, a novel approach was successfully utilized to fully assemble a prokaryotic genome that contains large numbers of repetitive sequences and multiple plasmids, which resulted in some interesting biological findings.