Endoplasmic reticulum exit sites are segregated for secretion based on cargo size

Abstract

TANGO1-family proteins (TANGO1, TANGO1S and cTAGE5) form stable complexes at the Endoplasmic Reticulum Exit Sites (ERES) and mediate export of bulky cargoes. The C-terminal proline rich domain (PRD) of these proteins binds Sec23A and affects COPII assembly at ERES. These PRD interactions were replaced with light-responsive domains to control the binding between TANGO1S-DPRD and Sec23A. TANGO1SΔPRD was dispersed in the ER membrane but relocated rapidly, yet reversibly, to pre-exiting ERES by binding to Sec23A upon light-activation. Prolonged binding of these two proteins concentrated ERES in the juxtanuclear region by a microtubule dependent process, blocked secretory cargo export and relocated ERGIC53 into the ER, but had limited impact on Golgi complex organization. Under these conditions, bulky collagen VII, and endogenous collagen I were collected at less than 47% of the stalled ERES, whereas small cargo molecules were halted uniformly across the ER, indicating that ERES differentially adapt to cargo size. We suggest these differences in cargo-accumulation at ERES permit cells to balance trafficking of cargoes of different sizes and optimize secretion.