Resource-efficient nitrogen removal from source separated urine with partial nitritation/anammox in a membrane aerated biofilm reactor

Author:

Timmer Marijn J.ORCID,De Paepe Jolien,Van Winckel Tim,Spiller Marc,Spacova Irina,De Paepe Kim,Pintelon Isabel,Lebeer SarahORCID,De Vos Winnok H.ORCID,Lasseur Christophe,Ganigué Ramon,Udert Kai M.,Vlaeminck Siegfried E.ORCID

Abstract

AbstractSource separation and decentralized urine treatment can cut costs in centralized wastewater treatment by diverting 80% of the nitrogen load in sewage. One promising approach for nitrogen removal in this context is partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A), reducing the aeration demand by 67% and organics dosage by 100% compared to nitrification/denitrification. Whilst previous studies with suspended biomass have encountered stability issues during PN/A treatment of urine, a PN/A biofilm was hypothesized to be more resilient. Its use for urine treatment was pioneered here for maximum rates and efficiencies in the energy efficient membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (MABR). Nitrogen removal rates of 1.0 g N L-1d-1and removal efficiencies of 80-95% were achieved during a 335-day stable operation at 28°C on stabilized (pH>11), diluted urine (10%). A balance between N2and NO3-formation was observed whilst optimizing the supply of O2and was rate limiting for the conversion towards N2. Short-term operation on less- and undiluted urine yielded N removal rates of 0.6-0.8 g N L-1d-1and removal efficiencies of 93% on 66% urine and 85% on undiluted urine. Metataxonomic analysis and fluorescencein-situhybridization confirmed the presence of biofilms consisting of nitrifiers (Nitrosomonas, Nitrospira) at the membrane side and anammox bacteria (“CandidatusBrocadia”) at the anoxic bulk side. The findings suggest that a biofilm approach to PN/A treatment of urine overcomes stability issues, and a PN/A-MABR has significant potential for resource efficient decentralized treatment. In human long-duration deep-space missions, this gravity-independent technology could produce N2to compensate artificial atmosphere losses whilst facilitating water recovery from urine.[GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT, COLOR]

Publisher

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

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