Clinical pattern and diagnostic of comorbidity of respiratory tuberculosis and viral pneumonia caused by Herpesvirus Simplex, Human Cytomegalovirus and SARS-CoV-2 in patients with late-stage HIV infection with immunodeficiency

Abstract

AbstractAimTo study features of social status, clinical pattern and diagnosis in cases of comorbidity of respiratory tuberculosis and viral pneumonia caused byHerpesvirus Simplexof type 1,Human CytomegalovirusandSARS-CoV-2in patients with late-stage HIV infection with immunodeficiency.Materials and methodsThe prospective study included 25 patients with comorbid condition of respiratory tuberculosis withMycobacterium tuberculosisin excreta, herpesvirus and coronavirus pneumonia, and 21 patients with respiratory tuberculosis as well as cytomegalovirus and coronavirus pneumonia (1a and 2a main groups) and, respectively, 25 and 21 similar patients, but without coronavirus pneumonia (1b and 2b comparison group) in the late stages of HIV infection with immunodeficiency. For the etiological diagnosis of herpesvirus- and cytomegalovirus pneumonia, the PCR test was used for recognition of DNA ofHerpesvirus Simplexof type 1 andHuman Cytomegalovirusin the diagnostic material of respiratory tract and for the etiological diagnosis of coronavirus pneumonia, the PCR for recognition of RNA was used to revealSARS–CoV-2. Statistical analysis of the data was performed by the use of the Microsoft Office Excel 2019 software for calculation of group mean, standard error of mean and confidence interval.ResultsThe comorbidity of respiratory tuberculosis, herpes-, cytomegalo- and coronavirus pneumonia in patients with late-stage HIV infection in the phase of progression and in the absence of ART was characterized by severe immunodeficiency and generalization of tuberculosis with multiple extrapulmonary lesions. The results displayed similarity of clinical manifestations and visualization of changes in CT-picture in cases of comorbidity the diseases which hampers their recognition due to simultaneous combination of several pathologies with similar clinical manifestations that requires a complex etiological diagnosis of the specific diseases to prescribe a timely comprehensive treatment and reduce lethality in this severe contingent of patients.ConclusionPatients with respiratory tuberculosis and HIV infection registered in the office of tuberculosis care for HIV-infected individuals in the antituberculosis dispensary represent a group of high risk from COVID-19 infection and CVP disease, and, in cases of combination with severe immunodeficiency, HVP and CMVP, the patients should be regularly subjected to preventive studies for timely detection of COVID-19 for the purpose of their emergency isolation and treatment.