The ultrafast snap of a finger is mediated by skin friction

Abstract

The snap of a finger has been used as a form of communication and music for millennia across human cultures. However, a systematic analysis of the dynamics of this rapid motion has not yet been performed. Using high-speed imaging and force sensors, we analyze the dynamics of the finger snap. Our analysis reveals the central role of skin friction in mediating the snap dynamics by acting as a latch to control the resulting high velocities. We evaluate the role of this frictional latch experimentally, by covering the thumb and middle finger with different materials to produce different friction coefficients and varying compressibility. In doing so, we reveal that the compressible, frictional latch of the finger pads likely operate in a regime optimally tuned for both friction and compression. We also develop a soft, compressible friction-based latch-mediated spring actuated (LaMSA) model to further elucidate the key role of friction and how it interacts with a compressible latch. Our mathematical model reveals that friction plays a dual role in the finger snap, both aiding in force loading and energy storage while hindering energy release. Our work reveals how friction between surfaces can be harnessed as a tunable latch system and provide design insight towards the frictional complexity in many robotics and ultra-fast energy-release structures.