Altered synaptic plasticity and central pattern generator dysfunction in a Drosophila model of PNKD3 paroxysmal dyskinesia

Abstract

ABSTRACTBackgroundParoxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia type-3 (PNKD3) has been linked to gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in the hSlo1 BK potassium channel, in particular a dominant mutation (D434G) that enhances Ca2+-sensitivity. However, while BK channels play well-known roles in regulating neurotransmitter release, it is unclear whether the D434G mutation alters neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity in vivo. Furthermore, the subtypes of movement-regulating circuits impacted by this mutation are unknown.ObjectivesWe aimed to use a larval Drosophila model of PNKD3 (sloE366G/+) to examine how BK channel GOF in dyskinesia alters synaptic properties and motor circuit function.MethodsWe used video-tracking to test for movement defects in sloE366G/+ larvae, and sharp-electrode recordings to assess the fidelity of Ca2+-dependent neurotransmitter release and short-term plasticity at the neuromuscular junction. We then combined sharp-electrode recording with ex vivo Ca2+-imaging to investigate the functionality of the central pattern generator (CPG) driving foraging behavior in sloE366G/+ larvae.ResultsWe show that the PNKD3 mutation leads to Ca2+-dependent alterations in synaptic release and paired-pulse facilitation. Furthermore, we identify robust alterations in locomotor behaviors in sloE366G/+ larvae which were mirrored by dysfunction of the upstream, movement-generating CPG in the larval ventral nerve cord.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that a BK channel GOF mutation can alter neurotransmitter release and short-term synaptic plasticity, and result in CPG dysfunction, in Drosophila larvae. These data add to a growing body of work linking paroxysmal dyskinesias to aberrant neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity in pre-motor circuits.