Intense light unleashes male-male courtship behavior in wild-typeDrosophila

Abstract

Drosophilacourtship studies have elucidated several principles of the neurogenetic organization of complex behavior. Through an integration across sensory modalities, males perform stereotypic patterns of chasing, courtship song production, and copulation attempts. Here we report a serendipitous finding that intense light not only enhances courtship toward female targets but also triggers unexpected courtship behaviors among male flies. Strikingly, in wild-type male-only chambers, we observed extreme behavioral manifestations, such as “chaining” and “wheeling”, resembling previously reported male-male courtship behaviors infruitlessmutants and in transformants with ectopicmini-white+overexpression. This male-male courtship was greatly diminished in a variety of visual system mutants, including disrupted phototransduction (norpA), eliminated eye-color screening pigments (white), or deletion of the R7 photoreceptor cells (sevenless). However, light-induced courtship was unhampered in wing-cut flies, despite their inability to produce courtship song, a major acoustic signal during courtship. Unexpectedly the olfactory mutantsorcoandsbldisplayed unrestrained male-male courtship. Particularly,orcomales attained maximum courtship scores under either dim or intense light conditions. Together, our observations support the notion that the innate male courtship behavior is restrained by olfactory cues under normal conditions but can be unleashed by strong visual stimulation inDrosophila.