Author:
Lin Frank J.,Altman Doss Alexa Michelle,Davis-Adams Hannah G.,Adams Lucas J.,Hanson Christopher H.,VanBlargan Laura A.,Liang Chieh-Yu,Chen Rita. E.,Monroy Jennifer Marie,Wedner H. James,Kulczycki Anthony,Mantia Tarisa L.,O’Shaughnessy Caitlin C.,Raju Saravanan,Zhao Fang R.,Rizzi Elise,Rigell Christopher J.,Dy Tiffany Biason,Kau Andrew L.,Ren Zhen,Turner Jackson,O’Halloran Jane A.,Presti Rachel M.,Fremont Daved H.,Kendall Peggy L.,Ellebedy Ali H.,Mudd Philip A.,Diamond Michael S.,Zimmerman Ofer,Laidlaw Brian J.
Abstract
ABSTRACTSARS-CoV-2 vaccines have proven effective in eliciting an immune response capable of providing protective immunity in healthy individuals. However, whether SARS-CoV-2 vaccination induces a long-lived immune response in immunocompromised individuals is poorly understood. Primary antibody deficiency (PAD) syndromes are among the most common immunodeficiency disorders in adults and are characterized by an impaired ability to mount robust antibody responses following infection or vaccination. Here, we present data from a prospective study in which we analyzed the B and T cell response in PAD patients following SARS-COV-2 vaccination. Unexpectedly, individuals with PAD syndromes mounted a SARS-CoV-2 specific B and CD4+ T cell response that was comparable in magnitude to healthy individuals. Many individuals with PAD syndromes displayed reduced IgG1+ and CD11c+ memory B cell responses following the primary vaccination series. However, the IgG1 class-switching defect was largely rescued following mRNA booster vaccination. Boosting also elicited an increase in the SARS-CoV-2-specific B and T cell response and the development of Omicron-specific memory B cells in COVID-19-naïve PAD patients. Together, these data indicate that SARS-CoV-2 vaccines elicit memory B and T cells in PAD patients that may contribute to long-term protective immunity.
Publisher
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory