Author:
Waldman Shamam,Backenroth Daniel,Harney Éadaoin,Flohr Stefan,Neff Nadia C.,Buckley Gina M.,Fridman Hila,Akbari Ali,Rohland Nadin,Mallick Swapan,Nistal Jorge Cano,Yu Jin,Barzilai Nir,Peter Inga,Atzmon Gil,Ostrer Harry,Lencz Todd,Maruvka Yosef E.,Lämmerhirt Maike,Rutgers Leonard V.,Renson Virginie,Prufer Keith M.,Schiffels Stephan,Ringbauer Harald,Sczech Karin,Carmi Shai,Reich David
Abstract
AbstractWe report genome-wide data for 33 Ashkenazi Jews (AJ), dated to the 14th century, following a salvage excavation at the medieval Jewish cemetery of Erfurt, Germany. The Erfurt individuals are genetically similar to modern AJ and have substantial Southern European ancestry, but they show more variability in Eastern European-related ancestry than modern AJ. A third of the Erfurt individuals carried the same nearly-AJ-specific mitochondrial haplogroup and eight carried pathogenic variants known to affect AJ today. These observations, together with high levels of runs of homozygosity, suggest that the Erfurt community had already experienced the major reduction in size that affected modern AJ. However, the Erfurt bottleneck was more severe, implying substructure in medieval AJ. Together, our results suggest that the AJ founder event and the acquisition of the main sources of ancestry pre-dated the 14th century and highlight late medieval genetic heterogeneity no longer present in modern AJ.
Publisher
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
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