High-speed MRI recordings of eyeball lifting, retraction and compression during blinks

Abstract

AbstractBlinks occur frequently in normal life and have increasingly been linked to perceptual and cognitive effects. However, the oculomechanics of blink-related eye movements are much less researched than other types of eye movements. While it has been observed that the eye is being pulled back into its socket during a blink, possibly due to co-contraction of extraocular muscles, this elusive eye motion has not been studied in detail due to the technical difficulties that go along with a closed eyelid. Here we use dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to obtain videos of this motion and analyse the kinematics with the recently developed MREyeTrack algorithm. We show that the eye is not only retracted but also lifted up during a blink. For some participants we observed eyeball lifting by up to 3 mm, far exceeding the amount of translation believed to occur during natural eye movements. Slow blinks can be accompanied by large tonic rotations of up to 15°. Furthermore, we collected evidence that the co-contraction of extraocular muscles leads to a slight compression of the eyeball. These findings demonstrate the surprising complexity of ocular motility and offer new opportunities to study orbital mechanics in health and disease.