BH3-only proteins that bind pro-survival Bcl-2 family members fail to induce apoptosis in the absence of Bax and Bak

Abstract

The BH3-only proteins Bim and Bad bind to the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins and induce apoptosis in wild-type cells and cells from eitherbax−/− or bak−/− animals. In contrast, constitutively active forms of Bim and Bad failed to induce apoptosis in bax−/−bak−/− cells. Expression of Bax restored susceptibility of the cells to Bim and Bad. In addition, Bax but not Bim or Bad sensitized thebax−/−bak−/− cells to a wide variety of cell death stimuli including UV irradiation, chemotherapeutic agents, and ER stress. These results suggest that neither activation of BH3-only proteins nor suppression of pro-survival Bcl-2 proteins is sufficient to kill cells in the absence of both Bax and Bak. Furthermore, whereas mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF) expressing only Bax or Bak displayed resistance to transformation,bax−/−bak−/− MEF were nearly as prone to oncogenic transformation as p53−/− MEF. Thus, the function of either Bax or Bak appears required to initiate most forms of apoptosis and to suppress oncogenic transformation.