Bending Unwinds DNA

Abstract

AbstractIn biology, DNA is often tightly bent to small radii. Solely based on the groove asymmetry, a 30-year-old theoretical paper predicted that such bending should unwind DNA, but this effect has not been directly experimentally quantified so far. We developed a ligation-based assay with nicked DNA circles of variable length, thereby decoupling the twist-dependent ligation efficiency from the large bending strain which dominates conventional circularization assays. We demonstrate that tightly bent DNA indeed unwinds to over 11 base pairs/turn, exactly as predicted. Our discovery requires reassessing the molecular mechanisms and energetics of all processes where DNA is tightly bent or relaxed again, including DNA packaging, gene regulation and expression.One-Sentence SummaryWhen DNA is bent to radii found in nucleosomes and regulatory elements, its helical repeat increases to over 11 base pairs/turn.