Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of Madariaga and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus infections

Author:

Rivera Luis Felipe,Lezcano-Coba Carlos,Galué Josefrancisco,Rodriguez Xacdiel,Juarez Yelissa,de Souza William M.,Capitan-Barrios Zeuz,Valderrama Anayansi,Abrego Leyda,Cedeño Hector,Jackman Carmela,Waggoner Jesse J.,Aguilar Patricia V.,Guzman Hilda,Weaver Scott C.,Tesh Robert B.,López-Vèrges Sandra,Donnelly Christl A.ORCID,Estofolete Cassia F.,Nogueira Mauricio L.,Faria Nuno R.,Vasilakis Nikos,Vittor Amy Y.,Smith Darci R.,Carrera Jean-Paul

Abstract

AbstractMadariaga virus (MADV) and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) are emerging arboviruses affecting rural and remote areas of Latin America. However, there are limited clinical and epidemiological reports available, and outbreaks are occurring at an increasing frequency. We addressed this gap by analyzing all the available clinical and epidemiological data of MADV and VEEV infections recorded since 1961 in Panama. A total of 168 of human alphavirus encephalitis cases were detected in Panama from 1961 to 2023. Here we describe the clinical signs and symptoms and epidemiological characteristics of these cases, and also explored signs and symptoms as potential predictors of encephalitic alphavirus infection when compared to those of other arbovirus infections occurring in the region. Our results highlight the challenges clinical diagnosis of alphavirus disease in endemic regions with overlapping circulation of multiple arboviruses.

Publisher

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

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