Community-level Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices regarding Cardiovascular Diseases and Modifiable Risk Factors in India

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundAssessment of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) is critical to inform CVD prevention strategies, but limited community-level data exist from developing countries.Methods and ResultsWe conducted a telephone-based survey nested in the on-going CARRS cohort in Delhi and Chennai, India between January 2021 to February 2021. We randomly selected people with CVRF, but no established CVD and those with existing CVD from the CARRS cohort and assessed their 1) knowledge of CVD symptoms and risk factors, 2) attitude towards non-physician health workers (NPHW) facilitated care and text-messages for healthy lifestyle, and 3) practices regarding monitoring of CVRF. We performed logistic regression analyses to investigate the factors associated with KAP. We interviewed 502 participants (283 with CVRF and 219 with CVD); 45.8% were female, and mean age (SD) was 48.1 (11.2) years. The knowledge of heart attack symptoms, stroke symptoms, and CVRF (>75% correct answers) were: 12.9%, 20.7%, and 17.3%, respectively. Individuals with CVRF had 2.5 times lower knowledge of CVD symptoms compared to those with existing CVD. Acceptability of NPHW-facilitated care and text-messages for healthy lifestyle was 60% and 84%, respectively.ConclusionsThe knowledge of CVD symptoms and risk factors is below optimal levels, particularly among individuals at high risk of CVD, unskilled workers, those with lower levels of education and income. Innovative use of NPHW along with mHealth tools could potentially offer solutions to reduce the burden of CVD.