Author:
Dever Thomas E.,Ivanov Ivaylo P.,Hinnebusch Alan G.
Abstract
In addition to the main, protein-coding, open reading frame (mORF), many eukaryotic mRNAs contain upstream ORFs (uORFs) initiated at AUG or near-cognate codons residing 5′ of the mORF start site. Whereas translation of uORFs generally represses translation of the mORFs, a subset of uORFs serves as a nexus for regulating translation of the mORF. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms by which uORFs can repress or stimulate mRNA translation, highlight uORF-mediated translational repression involving ribosome queuing, and critically evaluate recently described alternatives to the delayed reinitiation model for uORF-mediated regulation of theGCN4/ATF4mRNAs.
Funder
Intramural Research Program
National Institutes of Health
Publisher
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Subject
Developmental Biology,Genetics