Flame (v2.0): advanced integration and interpretation of functional enrichment results from multiple sources

Abstract

AbstractFunctional enrichment is the process of identifying implicated functional terms from a given input list of genes or proteins. In this article, we present Flame (v2.0), a web tool which offers a combinatorial approach through merging and visualizing results from widely-used functional enrichment applications while also allowing various flexible input options. In this version, Flame utilizes the aGOtool, g:Profiler, WebGestalt and Enrichr pipelines and presents their outputs separately or in combination following a visual analytics approach. For intuitive representations and easier interpretation, it uses interactive plots such as parameterizable networks, heatmaps, barcharts and scatter plots. Users can also:(i)handle multiple protein/gene lists and analyze union and intersection sets simultaneously through interactive UpSet plots,(ii)automatically extract genes and proteins from free text through text-mining and Named Entity Recognition (NER) techniques,(iii)upload single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and extract their relative genes or(iv)analyze multiple lists of differentially-expressed proteins/genes after selecting them interactively from a parameterizable volcano plot. Compared to the previous version of 197 supported organisms, Flame (v2.0) currently allows enrichment for 14,436 organisms.