Abstract
AbstractViruses are the most ubiquitous biological entities on earth. Even so, elucidating the impact of viruses on microbial communities and associated ecosystem processes often requires identification of strong host-virus linkages – an undeniable challenge in many ecosystems. Subsurface fractured shales present a unique opportunity to first make these strong linkages and subsequently reveal complex long-term host-virus dynamics and trends in CRISPR array size and frequency. Here, we sampled two replicated sets of fractured shale wells for nearly 800 days (Denver-Julesburg Basin, Colorado, USA). We identified a relatively diverse microbial community with widely encoded CRISPR viral defense systems, which facilitated 2,110 CRISPR-based viral linkages across 90 host MAGs representing 25 phyla. Leveraging these linkages with timeseries data across differing well ages, we observed how patterns of host-virus co-existence develop and converge in this closed ecosystem through time. We observed a transition to smaller CRISPR arrays in older, more established wells, potentially reflecting a natural progression where CRISPR arrays harbor fewer, yet more effective spacers that target viral genes with fewer mutations. Together, our findings shed light on the complexities of host-virus temporal dynamics as well as possible drivers of spacer loss and acquisition within CRISPR arrays of diverse microbial populations through time.
Publisher
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Cited by
1 articles.
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