COVID-19: ACE-2 Receptor, TMPRSS2, Cathepsin-L/B and CD-147 Receptor

Abstract

COVID-19 shows an extremely rapid spreading pattern, classified as SARS-CoV-2, has become a worldwide health problem. Relating to biological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2, the new viral agent was comprehensively summarized in order to optimize the date research on this novel disease and make adequate therapeutic decisions. The structure of COVID-19 virus is partially similar to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV and to date, the origin is not clearly ruled out in detail. COVID-19 in general shows, without any adequate measurement, an exponential reproductive rate, an incubation of nearly 14 days. The clinical appearance and the pandemic spread of COVID-19 were very similar to earlier SARS epidemics. The occurrence of SARS-CoV-2; previously provisionally referred to as novel coronavirus 2019 or 2019-nCoV (COVID-19) in China in late 2019, has induced a global spreading and is a worldwide public health problem. At the end of January 2020, the World Health Organization described COVID-19 as the sixth international public health emergency. SARS-CoV-2 is similar to severe corona viruses similar to acute respiratory syndrome of bat origin, bat-SL-CoVZC45 and bat-SL-CoVZXC21. The transmission is based on by human-to-human transmission via droplets or direct contact or stool, whereas the infection seems to have an incubation period of up to 14 days and a reproduction rate of 2.24-3.58. In patients with SARS-CoV-2-induced pneumonia, fever was the prominent symptom in these patients followed by cough. Currently, stopping the rapid spreading of SARS-CoV-2 is the primary intervention in health care management. However, health authorities should continue to monitor the situation closely.