1. Thomas Sugrue, The Origins of the Urban Crisis: Race and Inequality in Postwar Detroit (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2005)
2. Ralph Waldo Emerson, The Complete Works of Ralph Waldo Emerson, Volume 4 (Boston, MA: Houghton, Mifflin, 1904)
3. Steven Malanga, “Feral Detroit,” City Journal, Autumn 2009, vol. 19, no. 4
4. Jerry Herron, “Detroit: Locating the Un-City,” in The Third Coast Atlas, ed. Daniel Ibanez, Clare Lyster, Charles Waldheim, Mason White (New York, NY: Actar, 2017), 238
5. Denis Cosgrove, “Landscape and Landschaft,” GHI Bulletin, No. 35, Fall 2004, 68